Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil as subgrade and base material for road construction in abeokuta, southwest nigeria. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected laterite stabilized using powermax cement. Geotechnical investigation is one of the effective means of detecting and solving pre, syn and post constructional problems. The study expressed an increase in bulk densities thus on the process where. Laterite soil is formed of intensive and longlasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. According to lohnes and demirel 37, such soils can be referred to as lateritic soils. The study was to determine the effect of bulk density at every condition of soil use in the study location. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected.
Book chapter full text access chapter 6 significant geotechnical implications of the genesis if laterite soil pages 153169 download pdf. Laterite and lateritic soils the term laterite was originally used by buchanan 1807 for the highly ferruginous, vesicular and unstratified material observed in the malabar hills of south india. In this thesis, the terms laterite and lateritic soils will be used. Developments in geotechnical engineering, pedogenesis and engineering principles gidigasu, m. Although they are of poor fertility but respond favourably to manuring. Gidigasu, building and road research institute, kumasi, ghana some laterite materials are known to be either inferior pavement aggre gates or troublesome highway and earth dam construction materials. What are the advantages of laterite blocks answers. Lateritic bauxite is a weathering product of aluminous silicate rocks granite and similar. Characteristics study of stabilized and compressed laterite soil bricks clay has been used as a building material from the beginning of humankind. Bs 77 1990 method of testing soil for civil engineering proposed british standard institute bsi london england bs 1924 1990 method of test for. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Laterite soils are formed due to the weathering process of igneous or metamorphic rock over millions of years. A model study on accelerated consolidation of coir.
A map of lateritebearing soil associations is presented which illustrates the widespread but fragmentary location of laterite in the lowland areas of malaya and the tendency for it to be. These values have been listed separately for soils orginating from the same kind of parent rock material. Laterite is a highly weathered material, rich in secondary oxides of iron, aluminum, or both. Laterite has been known as a variably cemented sesquioxiderich soil, a surficial or near surface reddish soil, and also by an assortment of mineralogical definitions helgren and butzer, 1977. After a brief introductory discussion on the suitability of various classification systems of lateritic soils for engineering purposes, some geotechnical properties of nigerian laterites are summarized. On the uplands, the red soils are poor, gravelly, and porous.
In preparing a world map of laterite soils it has been necessary to. Nearly all laterites are of rustyred coloration, because of high iron oxide content. Engineering evaluation of lateritic soils of failed highway sections in southwestern nigeria. Laterite is a layer of soil that contains aluminum and iron oxide minerals like hematite and goethite this type of soil is found in tropical regions, and its uses include as building material and. Production and testing of lateritic interlocking blocks.
Laterite is well known in asian countries as a building material for more than years. Among the mixed types of soils, two groups are more substantial. Laterite soil samples classified as a261, a65 and a612 by grouping according to aashto that are considered not suitable. That is, they typically form through slow chemical weathering, which means it can take millions of years to produce even one metre of soil. Lateritic soils usually develop in tropical and other regions with similar hot and humid climate, where heavy rainfall, warm temperature and well drainage lead to the formation. Chemical stabilization of laterite soils for road construction. Lateritic soil almost lacks fertility and is generally not suitable for agriculture. Developments in geotechnical engineering laterite soil.
Production and testing of lateritic interlocking blocks akeem ayinde raheem, olugbenro olusanjo falola and kehinde joseph adeyeye1. These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. Inherently poor physical and chemical status of existing lateritic soil profile and radical conversion of land uses as observed at cadastral level are the key factors of land degradation. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind. Review of specifications for the use of laterite in road. Chapter 5 location, morphology and composition of laterite soils. Lateritic soil synonyms, lateritic soil pronunciation, lateritic soil translation, english dictionary definition of lateritic soil. Laterite soil is extremely rich in iron and aluminium. The crop thrives in a variety of soils fertile forest soil rich in organic matter, laterite soils with high organic matter content and waterholding capacity, limestone soil and well drained fertile black cotton soil. Soil samples were collected from eight locations and subjected to geotechnical. It also showed that laterite soil can enhance some properties of concrete depending on the nature of the laterite and also blended material. Investigation of geotechnical properties of lateritic soil. Engineering properties of lateritic soils around dall quarry in sango area, ilorin, nigeria. Vermicomposting converts fly ash to enrich soil fertility and sustain crop growth in red and lateritic soils.
Pdf use of laterite as a sustainable building material in. Mtech in structural engineering, srinivas school of engineering, mukka, manglore, india. Characteristics of red soils the texture of these soils can vary from sand to clay, the majority being loams. Attempts have been made to stabilize laterite soils for engineering purposes eg. Solis of goa earth needs to be nurtured with mothers care because earth gives everything for sustaining life the main types of soils found in the state of goa are coastal alluvial soil, mixed red and black soil, laterite soil and red sandy soil, which are subdivided into 32 soil series. Physiographic implications of laterite in west malaysia geological. The production and testing of lateritic interlocking blocks were examined.
It is the sixth mineral resource estimate completed over. The granite gneiss derived laterite soil was taken from a roadcut along the driveway of the geology department of the obafemi awolowo university, ileife while the amphibolite derived laterite soil was taken from a roadcut along the ifewaraife road fig. The thermal characteristics of laterite mud samples and concreteblock samples were investigated using a lees apparatus with a view to find which of the two samples would be a better heat insulator for the purpose of constructing selfcooling houses. Pdf viability of lateritic soil as alkaline activated precursor. Engineering impact of lateritic soils underlying some failed roads and highways in akure. Classification and compaction characteristics of lateritic. Geochemistry and geotechnical analysis of lateritic soils. Degraded lateritic soils cape and land uses in birbhum. The image is available for download in high resolution quality up to 5447x3631. There are various physical properties of laterite like hardness, grain size, fracture, streak, porosity, luster, strength etc which defines it. Five lateritic soils derived from various parent materials in taiwan, including andesite, diluvium, shale stone, basalt, and pleistocene deposit, were collected from the. Laterite may occur as surface deposits of unhardened clayey soils, gravels and as hard span 5. It forms in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is humid. Characteristics study of stabilized and compressed laterite.
Laterite soil engineering is one of a few books about solving engineering problems with the help of engineering pedology. The research investigated the classification and compaction characteristics of lateritic soils of warri, the economic nerve center of delta state, nigeria. The compressed earth blocks often referred to simply as ceb, is a type of manufactured construction material formed by the compression of the soil in a mould with the help of a manual or motorized. Lateritic soil definition of lateritic soil by the free. Laterite soils lack fertility due to intensive leaching.
Engineering evaluation of lateritic soils of failed. Laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. However, little is known of their geotechnical properties and. Physical properties of rocks are used to identify the type of rocks and to discover more about them. Made of laterite soil, sand and heat, these bricks have been made this way in chad for centuries. Jan 23, 2016 red soils red soils along with its minor groups form the largest soil group of india.
Pdf engineering properties of lateritic soils around dall. Songca4 1 department of earth sciences, faculty of science, olabisi onabanjo university, agoiwoye, nigeria 2 department of geology, faculty of science, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. Some properties of a sedimentary laterite soil as engineering. Pdf use of laterite as a sustainable building material. Some laterite and lateritic soil base specifications in comparison with the. Thirty lateritic soils samples were collected at six major zone within the metropolis of adoekiti. Vermicomposting by eisenia fetida is a sustainable and ecofriendly technology for better nutrient recovery and organic waste management in upland areas of china. In this thesis, the terms laterite and lateritic soils. Dictionary, encyclopedia and thesaurus the free dictionary 12,3,582,582 visitors served.
Some geotechnical properties of two laterite soils compacted. Engineering properties of lateritic soils in adoekiti. They include the desert soils of western rajasthan and mountain soils of the himalayas. Other sources than the eocene limestone, however, may have been available. These soils formed in a tropical environment of fluctuating water tables, severe leaching and translocation of iron oxides over many millions of years. New delhi 110 o01 and printed at baba barkha nath printers, 267 najafgarh road. Pdf collapse potential of laterite soils editorijee. The geotechnical properties of lateritic soils and their suitability for road construction have been evaluated for selected sites in minna, northcentral nigeria. It is the result of the chemical weathering of the soils over millions of years. Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils. Jan 27, 2018 laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Laterite soil is quite stronger than shedi soil due to the higher content of oxides of iron, while shedi soils are characterized by low bearing strengths under moist conditions. Engineering properties of lateritic so ils around dall.
Soil type laterite soil lateritic soil non lateritic soil si02al203 1. Laterite soils which are widespread in tropical areas of india possess unique color and it normally contains high clay content along with inert particles such as silt and sand 1. It is most commonly found in hot and wet tropical areas. Department of civil and environmental engineering, university of lagos, lagos, nigeria. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. This paper advocates the use of local lateritea soil type rich in iron and alumina formed under hot and wet tropical conditionsdue to its cost effectiveness and energy efficiency than that of conventional modern materials in tropical developing countries. Calcareous, neutral and acid red soils, red lateritic soils. Classification and compaction characteristics of lateritic soils of warri, delta state, nigeria avwenagha e. This paper advocates the use of local lateritea soil type rich in iron and alumina formed. Analysis of pullout resistance of soil nailing in lateritic soil b,l. A common claim by longagers is that lateritic soils red, subtropical soils high in iron andor aluminium are highly weathered. If this limestone is the immediate source of the lateritic soil, a large volume of limestone was weathered to yield the known deposits.
Tropical ironrich laterite, as well as some lateritic soils, usually have a specific gravity of between 2. Therefore, in order to better understand the detailed information of lateritic soils, the main objectives of this study were to investigate the properties of lateritic soils derived from different parent materials, including shale stone, basalt, diluvium, and andesite, and to provide basic information about lateritic soils for agricultural. They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock. Laterite soil is primarily found in the tropical regions which receive heavy seasonal rainfall. Different types of laterite occur extensively in the central interior zone of the country. Abstract india is the second largest producer of the brick in the world after china. Pdf effect of sand on the plasticity of laterite researchgate. The writer is indebted to the assistant director of agriculture research. Lateritic soils are formed in the tropics through weathering processes that favour the formation of iron, aluminium and may contain a large amount of quartz and. Laterite soils are habitually poor and can hold only scrub forests and pastures. This is followed by a description of the role that lateritic soils play in. Lateritic soils article about lateritic soils by the free.
Soil compaction soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. These processes must involve both fersiallitic and ferrallitization. Nature and properties of lateritic soils derived from. A sedimentary laterite soil is examined for its suitability as a construction material by the consideration of its mineralogy and basic geotechnical properties as well as its consolidation and permeability in the compacted state. The soil profiles and the sampling horizons are shown in figs. Current specifications are not traffic or materialtype related, i. Nearly all laterites are of rustyred coloration, because of. Evaluation of bulk density in organic and lateritic soil formation influenced by variation of saturation and porosity in deltaic environment has been assessed. Hence, there are no available data on the geotechnical and engineering properties of lateritic soil in the study area, therefore, the aim of this investigation is to obtain geotechnical characteristicsof lateritic soil in the study area to assess it. It is widely used to produce earth blocks, but stabilization is essential for the lateritic soil block to enhance its properties. Dec 11, 2017 laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Assessment of the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils. Laterite definition of laterite by the free dictionary.
A red residual soil formed by the leaching of silica and by the enrichment with aluminum and iron oxides, especially in humid climates. The brick production in india is estimated at 140 billion bricks, consuming 24 million. The project was carried out under the aegis of the africa community access programme afcap a dfidfunded research programme that promotes safe and sustainable access for rural. Mineralogically, the soil contains virtually nothing undesirable while its basic geotechnical properties are those. The laterites are typically formed in tropical clim. The major elements geochemistry and compaction characteristics of lateritic soils in azagba ogwashi area, located in the anambra were investigated. Previous researcher 6 stated the term laterization describes the processes that produce laterite soils. Degradation of lateritic environment as found in the south western and eastern birbhum district can be considered as irresistible. Laterite in road pavements, the report on tropical residual soils published by the geological society for distribution by the overseas. Laterite soil laterite has been derived from the latin word later which means brick.
The main parent rocks are crystalline and metamorphic rocks like acid granites, gneisses and quartzites. Both volumes i and ii were prepared by the firm of lyon associates, inc. Soil nailing is an effective slope stabilizing technique, widely used in congested areas. When manured and irrigated, some laterites are suitable for growing plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut, arecanut, etc. Important properties of clay content of lateritic soils for engineering project n. The dam is founded on lateritic soil, which is a common weathering profile throughout the region. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall. Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in. Use of laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have. Laterite and lateritic soils in sierra leone the journal.
Recent concepts on the origin of indian laterite pdf report. How ever, not all laterite soils belong to this group. Lateritic soils that overburden mohammad buhari estate in abeokuta area of ogun state, nigeria is in great use for road construction. Sourcesof the confusion surrounding the word laterite can be identified in terms of two. Laterite is foremostly a type of earthy soil, but it hardens into solid rock in air and is therefore suitable as a construction material. In soil taxonomy soil survey staff, 2014, much of the materials that have been called laterite are included in categories of soils with plinthite, which is a diagnostic soil characteristic that refers to the ironrich and humuspoor parts of a layer or horizon, which irreversibly harden to ironstone on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Soil type laterite soil lateritic soil nonlateritic soil si02al203 1. Department of earth sciences, adekunle ajasin university, akungba akoko, nigeria.
Experience has shown that lime works well with medium, moderately fine, and finegrained clay soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition of lateritic soils in order to use these soils as potential commercial products for industrial application in the future. Photo laterite soil texture can be used for personal and commercial purposes according to the conditions of the purchased royaltyfree license. Assessment of the geotechnical properties of lateritic. Independent report on the nickel laterite resource agata north, philippines 20 1 executive summary this ni laterite resource report was prepared at the request of yulo perez, manager of tvi resource development phils inc. As a consequence some of the lateritic horizons at millstream.
There is a wide diversity of opinion concerning nomenclature, testing procedures and acceptance criteria, as well as great variation in engineering behaviour. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. However, laterite soil produced concrete that compares in strength with a normal concrete. The findings show particle distribution of laterite soils found throughout. It was excavated from the soil and cut in form of large blocks. The department not only provides scientific database on the soil and land resources of the state for developing suitable soil and land management practices but also implements a variety of projects aimed at conserving and managing. However, light, porous and well drained soil rich in organic content is most suitable for its cultivation. This paper advocates the use of local laterite a soil type rich in iron and alumina formed. It is the topmost layer of the earths crust and is a mixture of finely powdered rocks, organic matter, liquids, myriad. Lateritic soils in environmental management in nigeria. Laterite soil laterite soil is one of the residual soils. This book presents the latest information on the laterite soils geotechnical characteristics and engineering behavior.
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